An update of the WCRF/AICR systematic literature review and meta-analysis on dietary and anthropometric factors and esophageal cancer risk

Background: In the 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Second Expert Report, the expert panel judged that there was strong evidence that alcoholic drinks and body fatness increased esophageal cancer risk, whereas fruits and vegetables probably decreased its risk. The judgments were mainly based on case–control studies. As part of the Continuous Update Project, we updated the scientific evidence accumulated from cohort studies in this topic. Methods: We updated the Continuous Update Project database up to 10 January 2017 by searching in PubMed and conducted dose–response meta-analyses to estimate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random effects model. Results: A total of 57 cohort studies were included in 13 meta-analyses. Esophageal adenocarcinoma risk was inversely related to vegetable intake (RR per 100 g/day: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80–0.99, n = 3) and directly associated with body mass index (RR per 5 kg/m2: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.34–1.61, n = 9). For esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, inverse associations were observed with fruit intake (RR for 100 g/day increment: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75–0.94, n = 3) and body mass index (RR for 5 kg/m2 increment: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.56–0.73, n = 8), and direct associations with intakes of processed meats (RR for 50 g/day increment: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.11–2.28, n = 3), processed and red meats (RR for 100 g/day increment: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04–1.82, n = 3) and alcohol (RR for 10 g/day increment: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12–1.41, n = 6). Conclusions: Evidence from cohort studies suggested a protective role of vegetables and body weight control in esophageal adenocarcinomas development. For squamous cell carcinomas, higher intakes of red and processed meats and alcohol may increase the risk, whereas fruits intake may play a protective role

A Coherent Multiple Beamforming Network for a Non-uniform Circular Antenna Array

This work proposes and describes a modular and innovative beamforming network (BFN) to feed a nonequally spaced circular antenna array. The structure is based on a set of alternated power combiners and dividers that delivers a Gaussian-like amplitude distribution and coherent (in-phase) signals. A multiple beam antenna system to generate two main beams in the same aperture with a coherent network for a nonuniform array with beam shaping and beam steering properties is simulated and analyzed. Furthermore, a comparative analysis based on uniform and nonuniform circular antenna arrays fed by the proposed coherent network is conducted. The complex signals and the nonuniform circular aperture are optimized using the well known differential evolution technique. Numerical experiments show the efficiency and improvement of the coherent network with a nonuniform aperture over uniform, with an advantage in average equal to 1.8dB of directivity and -2dB of side lobe level. Moreover, the simulation results exhibit an aperture reuse and complexity reduction of the proposed coherent network configuration compared with a conventional antenna array with direct feeding, where each main beam is shaped and steered with the half of control signal inputs

Dynamic adaptation of delayed time of diffusion of emergency messages in cognitive vehicular networks

[ES] En este artículo se presenta un protocolo de difusión de mensajes de seguridad para emergencia que utiliza una adaptación dinámica del tiempo de retraso en el entorno de una red vehicular cognitiva. El escenario que se estudia considera la compartición del espectro entre la banda para comunicaciones vehiculares y la banda de la televisión digital con el objetivo de mitigar los efectos de la tormenta de difusión en una red vehicular. Dos de las técnicas de mitigación de la tormenta de difusión más utilizadas en la literatura son comparadas contra el protocolo propuesto en términos de las probabilidades de accesibilidad de los mensajes de emergencia y de la ocupación del canal. Los resultados numéricos muestran que el protocolo con la adaptación dinámica del tiempo presenta un mejor desempeño en condiciones de alta densidad de vehículos, lo cual es característico de un escenario de tormenta de difusión.[EN] This article presents a protocol for the dissemination of emergency safety messages that uses a dynamic adaptation of the delay time in the environment of a cognitive vehicular network. The scenario studied considers the spectrum sharing between the band for vehicular communications and the digital television band with the objective of mitigating the effects of the diffusion storm on a vehicular network. Two of the most commonly used diffusion mitigation techniques in the literature are compared against the proposed protocol in terms of the probabilities of reachability of emergency messages and channel occupancy. The numerical results show that the protocol with the dynamic adaptation of the time presents a better performance in conditions of high density of vehicles, which is characteristic of a diffusion storm scenario.El presente trabajo de investigación ha sido parcialmente financiado por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología ( CONACYT) de México a través de la Beca Nacional para Estudios de Posgrado no. 445821.Avalos Gómez, JU.; Stevens-Navarro, E.; Pineda-Rico, U.; Cárdenas-Juárez, M.; Arce, A.; González, S. (2020). Adaptación dinámica del tiempo de retraso de difusión de mensajes de emergencia en redes vehiculares cognitivas. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 17(3). https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2019.12067OJS284173Avalos Gómez, J. U., Pineda-Rico, U., Cardenas-Juarez, M., Garcia- Barrientos, A., Arce, A., Stevens-Navarro, E., nov 2018. Broadcast storm mitigation of esms using spectrum sharing in cognitive radio vanets. In: 2018 International Conference on Mechatronics, Electronics and Automotive Engineering (ICMEAE). pp. 102-107. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMEAE.2018.00026Bechler, M., Horozovic, A., Kastner, R., 2015. Evaluation of car-2-x scenarios for automated driving. In: FAST-zero'15: 3rd International Symposium on Future Active Safety Technology Toward zero traffic accidents. pp. 397-402.Bi, Y., Shan, H., Shen, X. S., Wang, N., Zhao, H., mar 2016. A multi-hop broadcast protocol for emergency message dissemination in urban vehicular ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 17 (3), 736-750. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2015.2481486Feukeu, E. A., Zuva, T., dec 2017. Overcoming broadcast storm problem in a vehicular network. In: 2017 13th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology Internet-Based Systems (SITIS). pp. 402-407. https://doi.org/10.1109/SITIS.2017.72IEEE802.11p, jul 2010. Ieee standard for information technology- local and metropolitan area networks- specific requirements- part 11: Wireless lan medium access control (mac) and physical layer (phy) specifications amendment 6: Wireless access in vehicular environments. IEEE Std 802.11p-2010 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.11-2007 as amended by IEEE Std 802.11k-2008, IEEE Std 802.11r-2008, IEEE Std 802.11y-2008, IEEE Std 802.11n-2009, and IEEE Std 802.11w-2009), 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5514475Khattab, A., Bayoumi, M. A., may 2015a. An overview of ieee standardization efforts for cognitive radio networks. In: 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). pp.982-985. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2015.7168800Khattab, A., Bayoumi, M. A., dec 2015b. Standardization of cognitive radio networking: a comprehensive survey. annals of telecommunications - annales des télécommunications 70 (11), 465-477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-015-0468-5Korkmaz, G., Ekici, E., Özgüner, F., jun 2006. An efficient fully ad-hoc multi-hop broadcast protocol for inter-vehicular communication systems. In: 2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications. Vol. 1. pp. 423-428. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2006.254764Korkmaz, G., Ekici, E., Özgüner, F., Özgüner, U., 2004. Urban Multihop broadcast protocol for inter-vehicle communication systems. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. VANET '04. ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1145/1023875.1023887Lim, J., Kim, W., Naito, K., Yun, J., Cabric, D., Gerla, M., nov 2014. Interplay between tvws and dsrc: Optimal strategy for safety message dissemination in vanet. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 32 (11), 2117-2133. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2014.1411RP02Pagadarai, S., Lessard, B. A., Wyglinski, A. M., Vuyyuru, R., Altintas, O., 2013. Vehicular communications, enhanced networking through dynamic spectrum access. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 8, 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2013.2268659Sahoo, J., Wu, E. H., Sahu, P. K., Gerla, M., sep 2011. Binarypartition-assisted mac-layer broadcast for emergency message dissemination in vanets. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 12 (3), 757-770. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2011.2159003Singh, K. D., Rawat, P., Bonnin, J. M., 2014. Cognitive radio for vehicular ad hoc networks (cr-vanets): Approaches and challenges. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2014, 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1499-2014-49Sum, C., Villardi, G. P., Rahman, M. A., Baykas, T., Tran, H. N., Lan, Z., Sun, C., Alemseged, Y., Wang, J., Song, C., Pyo, C., Filin, S., Harada, H., jul 2013. Cognitive communication in tv white spaces: An overview of regulations, standards, and technology [accepted from open call]. IEEE Communications Magazine 51 (7), 138-145. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2013.6553690Suthaputchakun, C., Dianati, M., Sun, Z., jul 2014. Trinary partitioned black-burst-based broadcast protocol for time-critical emergency message dissemination in vanets. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 63 (6), 2926-2940. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2013.2293020Tsukamoto, K., Oie, Y., Kremo, H., Altintas, O., Tanaka, H., Fujii, T., apr 2015. Implementation and performance evaluation of distributed autonomous multi-hop vehicle-to-vehicle communications over tv white space. Mobile Networks and Applications 20 (2), 203-219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-015-0576-5Wisitpongphan, N., Tonguz, O. K., Parikh, J. S., Mudalige, P., Bai, F., Sadekar, V., dec 2007. Broadcast storm mitigation techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks. IEEE Wireless Communications 14 (6), 84-94. https://doi.org/10.1109/MWC.2007.4407231Wu, L., Nie, L., Fan, J., He, Y., Liu, Q., Wu, D., 2017. An efficient multi-hop broadcast protocol for emergency messages dissemination in vanets. Chinese Journal of Electronics 26 (3), 614-623. https://doi.org/10.1049/cje.2017.03.00

GRA-based Handover for Dense Small Cells Heterogeneous Networks

Ultra-dense small cell (SC) deployment in the future 5G network makes the architecture of the network as heterogeneous networks (HetNets). This is a good solution to boost the capacity of the network and extend its coverage. However, the dense SCs deployment has brought new challenges to the network including interference, frequent unnecessary handovers, and handover failures. Therefore, user equipment will suffer from a degraded quality of service. In this paper, the authors propose a grey rational analysis-based handover (GRA-HO) method in dense SCs HetNet. The proposed method combines the analytical hierarchy process technique to obtain the weight of the handover metrics and the GRA method to rank the available cells for the best handover target. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated and compared with the traditional multiple attribute decision-making methods including simple additive weighting and VIKOR methods. Results show that the GRA-HO method has outperformed the existing methods in terms of reducing the number of frequent handovers and link failures, in addition to enhancing energy efficiency

Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign charged pions in the forward region in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign charged pions, produced in protonproton collisions at a 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy, are studied using a data sample collected by the LHCb experiment. The signature for Bose-Einstein correlations is observed in the form of an enhancement of pairs of like-sign charged pions with small four-momentum difference squared. The charged-particle multiplicity dependence of the Bose-Einstein correlation parameters describing the correlation strength and the size of the emitting source is investigated, determining both the correlation radius and the chaoticity parameter. The measured correlation radius is found to increase as a function of increasing charged-particle multiplicity, while the chaoticity parameter is seen to decreas

Observation of an Excited Bc+ State

Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb-1 recorded by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of s=7, 8, and 13 TeV, the observation of an excited Bc+ state in the Bc+π+π- invariant-mass spectrum is reported. The observed peak has a mass of 6841.2±0.6(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, where the last uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the Bc+ mass. It is consistent with expectations of the Bc∗(2S31)+ state reconstructed without the low-energy photon from the Bc∗(1S31)+→Bc+γ decay following Bc∗(2S31)+→Bc∗(1S31)+π+π-. A second state is seen with a global (local) statistical significance of 2.2σ (3.2σ) and a mass of 6872.1±1.3(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, and is consistent with the Bc(2S10)+ state. These mass measurements are the most precise to date

Study of charmonium production in b -hadron decays and first evidence for the decay Bs0

Using decays to φ-meson pairs, the inclusive production of charmonium states in b-hadron decays is studied with pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1, collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. Denoting byBC ≡ B(b → C X) × B(C → φφ) the inclusive branching fraction of a b hadron to a charmonium state C that decays into a pair of φ mesons, ratios RC1C2 ≡ BC1 /BC2 are determined as Rχc0ηc(1S) = 0.147 ± 0.023 ± 0.011, Rχc1ηc(1S) =0.073 ± 0.016 ± 0.006, Rχc2ηc(1S) = 0.081 ± 0.013 ± 0.005,Rχc1 χc0 = 0.50 ± 0.11 ± 0.01, Rχc2 χc0 = 0.56 ± 0.10 ± 0.01and Rηc(2S)ηc(1S) = 0.040 ± 0.011 ± 0.004. Here and below the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.Upper limits at 90% confidence level for the inclusive production of X(3872), X(3915) and χc2(2P) states are obtained as RX(3872)χc1 < 0.34, RX(3915)χc0 < 0.12 andRχc2(2P)χc2 < 0.16. Differential cross-sections as a function of transverse momentum are measured for the ηc(1S) andχc states. The branching fraction of the decay B0s → φφφ is measured for the first time, B(B0s → φφφ) = (2.15±0.54±0.28±0.21B)×10−6. Here the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay B0s → φφ, which is used for normalization. No evidence for intermediate resonances is seen. A preferentially transverse φ polarization is observed.The measurements allow the determination of the ratio of the branching fractions for the ηc(1S) decays to φφ and p p asB(ηc(1S)→ φφ)/B(ηc(1S)→ p p) = 1.79 ± 0.14 ± 0.32

Study of J /ψ production in Jets

The production of J/ψ mesons in jets is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions using data collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The fraction of the jet transverse momentum carried by the J/ψ meson, z(J/ψ)≡pT(J/ψ)/pT(jet), is measured using jets with pT(jet)>20 GeV in the pseudorapidity range 2.5<η(jet)<4.0. The observed z(J/ψ)distribution for J/ψ mesons produced in b-hadron decays is consistent with expectations. However, the results for prompt J/ψ production do not agree with predictions based on fixed-order nonrelativistic QCD. This is the first measurement of the pT fraction carried by prompt J/ψ mesons in jets at any experiment